• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a power generation unit (1), in particular for use in a vehicle which is operable with hydrocarbons, such as diesel and the like, with a fuel cell (2) and with connections (3, 4, 5) for the supply of air and the Hydrocarbons and for the removal of electrical energy. According to the invention, the power generation unit has three substantially spatially separate functional units (7, 8, 9), wherein a first functional unit (7) is designed for media supply and essentially comprises means for fuel and air supply, a second functional unit (8) designed for reforming and essentially comprises means for converting the hydrocarbons into process gas and a third functional unit (9) is designed to generate electrical energy and substantially comprises the fuel cell (2), and wherein the third functional unit (9) in the second functional unit (8 ) is supplied to the process gas generated.
    公开号:AT513913A1
    申请号:T82/2013
    申请日:2013-02-04
    公开日:2014-08-15
    发明作者:Jürgen Dipl Ing Rechberger；Michael Dipl Ing Fh Reissig；Arthur Kliment
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    56547 • ί · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
    The invention relates to a power generation unit, in particular for use in a vehicle which is operable with hydrocarbons such as diesel and the like, with a fuel cell and with connections for the supply of air and hydrocarbons and for the discharge of electrical energy.
    Such a power generation unit can be used, for example, in a motor vehicle as a compact and efficient energy source, in particular for the provision of electrical and / or thermal energy.
    In particular, in trucks, which - as for example in the US - travel long distances on which the driver lives in the cab of the trucks, electrical energy during the downtime, z. B. during the breaks of the truck or during the sleep of the truck driver needed. The energy is used to power the truck in the truck (such as a heater),
    Multimedia technology (such as radio, television and associated receivers) as well as to provide light.
    So far, the energy required for this purpose is usually due to the so-called "Idling". generated. That is, during the lifetime of the truck, its engine is idling, either constantly or at certain intervals, to produce the required energy via the alternator. Also known from the prior art are small internal combustion engines which drive a generator and are additionally arranged on board such a truck, solely for generating energy during the service life of the truck.
    The efficiency of such systems with respect to the generated electrical energy is low, since in the conversion process of the diesel in the internal combustion engines naturally a high energy loss occurs by generating heat in the combustion process and by friction in the mechanical movement of the shaft.
    The low efficiency not only wastes energy, but also creates large amounts of emissions that pollute the environment. Furthermore, running internal combustion engines are a significant source of noise in stationary or external power-driven vehicles. also high costs, because unnecessarily much fuel 2/33
    is consumed, and the operating hours of the power stoppers u. U. unnecessarily driven up.
    From the prior art power generation units are known which generate electrical energy by means of a fuel cell. The efficiency of fuel cells is much cheaper than that of internal combustion engines, since the chemical reaction energy of a continuously supplied fuel and an oxidant is converted directly into electrical energy, without energy losses caused by a coupling engine / generator or the detour via a mechanical movement.
    However, fuel cells require pure hydrogen, methanol,
    Formic acid, methane or the like as a fuel. Long-chain hydrocarbons, such as diesel or gasoline, that are readily available in a truck can not be directly processed by the common fuel cell types.
    In order to avoid having to carry any separate fuel in the vehicles, systems with reformers are described in the prior art with which hydrocarbons are first reformed into process gases processable by fuel cells and only then processed by a fuel cell. However, these systems require a lot of energy to reform the hydrocarbons, which in turn reduces the efficiency of the system.
    In order to increase the efficiency of such a system for generating energy, DE10 2007 039 594 A1 therefore discloses, on the one hand, the reformer and further elements which are necessary for reforming, and to arrange the fuel cell stack in a compact external insulation in a common external insulation. Furthermore, this document proposes to recycle anode exhaust gas into the reformer in order to utilize the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas and to use the chemical substances contained therein for reforming. To supply such a system and to reform it requires the provision and preparation of a number of starting materials. This requires a variety of ancillaries. 3/33 • · • · • · · · · · · · · · «
    The object of the present invention is to provide a burner system which is compact, universally applicable and can be sold as a ready-to-install, autonomous unit.
    This object is achieved by a power generation unit according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.
    A vehicle according to the invention is any type of land vehicle, in particular passenger cars, trucks, motorhomes, caravans, tanks, etc., of aircraft, in particular aircraft, etc., of watercraft, in particular ships and submarines, etc., or of spacecraft.
    A fuel cell according to the invention is a galvanic cell, which converts the chemical reaction energy of a continuously supplied fuel and an oxidizing agent into electrical energy. In order to obtain a higher voltage, usually several cells are connected in series to a stack (engl., For 'stack').
    Devices in the sense of the invention are elements which serve to carry out a sub-process of the overall energy-generating process carried out by the energy-generating unit.
    Functional units in the sense of the invention are functional sections of the power generation unit, in each of which several subprocesses of the overall method for power generation are executed.
    A media supply within the meaning of the invention is a provision of substances or substance mixtures which are required for the overall process of energy production.
    A reforming in the context of the invention is any type of reforming or reforming for the production of a synthesis gas containing at least hydrogen, in particular steam reforming or reforming, partial oxidation (CPOX) and / or autothermal reforming. A reformer according to the invention accordingly a device for reforming. 4/33 i: i: ··· · · ·· < • · · ·
    Arranged in accordance with the invention becTeeitet; That means that two elements are held in a defined position relative to each other.
    One behind the other in the sense of the invention means arranged in order, each having two consecutively arranged elements have a direct connection and / or contact surface.
    A longitudinal axis in the sense of the invention is that axis of a body that corresponds to the direction of its greatest extent.
    A process temperature within the meaning of the invention is the temperature which is achieved in a device during execution of a respective sub-process in normal operation. Damping means according to the invention are any means which are suitable for damping a vibration and / or a force pulse.
    A frame plate according to the invention is any type of two-dimensional structure which is suitable for receiving forces.
    A fixation plate according to the invention is any type of two-dimensional structure that is suitable for receiving or fastening devices.
    A flexible fastening tab according to the invention is any type of means which are suitable for attachment and damp vibrations or pulses and / or compensate for thermal expansion or shrinkage.
    An insulation according to the invention is any type of thermal insulation to reduce the passage of heat energy.
    Autothermic in the sense of the invention means that in the overall process of the power generation unit, both exothermic and endothermic reactions take place in parallel, so that the overall process is essentially independent of external heat input. Adiabatic in the sense of the invention means that both exothermic and endothermic reactions take place in parallel in the overall process of the energy generating unit, so that the overall process is essentially independent of external heat input and a large proportion, more preferably 25%, preferably titanium dioxide * 30% / more preferably more than 35%, and most preferably more than 40%, of the energy contained in the hydrocarbon feeds converted into electrical energy.
    A housing according to the invention is any type of shell that protects the contents from contamination and / or external forces.
    By dividing the power generation unit into three functional units, the power generation unit is structured in a particularly simple manner and the respective elements are easily accessible for repair in the event of a malfunction, since devices which require similar operating temperatures are each combined in one functional unit. If there is an error in a functional unit, the removal of the isolation of this functional unit essentially makes it possible to access all devices of this functional unit.
    In an advantageous embodiment, the three functional units are arranged substantially one behind the other, in particular with respect to the flow direction of sucked air through the three functional units and / or substantially along a common longitudinal axis.
    The arrangement of the three functional units in succession has the advantage that the respective products and media processed in the devices of the functional units can be transferred directly to the next process step in another functional unit without having to travel longer distances, whereby an energy loss z. B. by heat radiation, would go along.
    If the three functional units are arranged along a common longitudinal axis in the supporting structure, the result is a particularly compact arrangement with respect to the space requirements of the power generation unit. Also, the "symmetric" promotes Arrangement along the longitudinal axis of the starting burner, the afterburner and the reformer, the uniform implementation of the respective process gases in the afterburner.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the process temperature of the devices of the power generation unit increases substantially from the first functional unit via the third functional unit to the second functional unit. + * ·· ······ 9999 λ £ L · ♦ ····
    } # 9 9 9 · ··· ··· J ^ # ··· * · · ·
    With respect to the air sucked in, this action has the advantage that the air in its flow direction in the first functional unit is first compressed, then heated by the high process temperature in the fuel cell, and finally as high as possible when it arrives in the second functional unit for reforming to promote the combustion in the afterburner or the reforming. The same applies to the fuel which is conveyed in the first functional unit, evaporated in the second functional unit and processed to a hot process gas for reforming and as reformate in the third functional unit of the fuel cell at high temperatures with the air or the oxygen Reaction is brought. By grouping devices with a similar process temperature in a functional unit, the isolation of the respective functional unit can be dimensioned accordingly. Further advantageously, the devices can each be arranged in that functional unit which has no damaging thermal effects on the respective device.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, substantially all devices of the power generation unit are arranged on a common supporting structure.
    By this arrangement, the power generation unit can be realized in a particularly compact design. The supporting structure is a common framework for the plurality of elements of the power generator and therefore serves both to stabilize the devices and to absorb external forces which act on the power generator from the vehicle or by other external influences. By the supporting structure, the power generator can be further attached to a vehicle.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the supporting structure has fastening means, in particular for mounting on a vehicle.
    By attachment means to the supporting structure, the power generation unit can be particularly easy to assemble at the respective application. The supporting structure holds the power generating unit in a defined position. An attachment of the individual devices of the power generator at the point of use is not necessary. 7/33 7 j »j ·· ····· * · ·
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the supporting device has damping means, which are arranged in particular between the supporting structure and the vehicle when used in the vehicle.
    The damping means ensure that vibrations, for example when used in a vehicle, act only damped on the power generation unit. For example, immediate transmission of the vibrations could affect the function of the reformer by discontinuously providing media.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, on the first functional unit on the side remote from the second functional unit, a first fixing plate, between the first and the second functional unit, a second fixing plate, in particular for fixing devices of the first and / or the second functional unit, and / or between the second and the third functional unit further arranged a third fixing plate. Further advantageously, the third fixing plate as an adapter plate, consisting of upper and lower plate (14b), formed and connects the devices of the second functional unit thermally and / or fluid-communicating with the fuel cell.
    By the third fixing plate is formed as an adapter plate or distributor plate, which carries out the distribution of the process gas, the air and the respective exhaust air of the fuels, a complicated and space-consuming distribution of gases through pipes can be avoided. The formation of the adapter plate in upper and lower plate made possible by removing the lower plate cleaning the distribution paths in the adapter or distributor plate. Furthermore, a reforming catalyst may be replaced after the removal of the sub-plate.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the first fixing plate, the second fixing plate and / or the third fixing plate are connected to at least one flexible fastening tab with the supporting structure.
    Due to the flexible fastening strap thermal deformations of the individual devices can be compensated. Furthermore, the fastening strap can have a dampening function. 8/33 8
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the energy generating unit furnishes an insulation, by means of which the energy generating unit is substantially adiabatic and which in particular has three isolation regions corresponding to the functional units.
    Due to the isolation, a large part of the heat released in the overall process can be held in the power generation unit, so that the overall process is substantially adiabatic.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the power generation unit has a housing, which consists in particular of housing parts, which each cover substantially one of the three functional units and which are individually disassembled.
    The housing prevents the entry of contaminants into the power generator and protects it from external forces. Preferably, each functional unit is covered by a housing part, which are each individually disassembled. In this way, repair work in a functional area or at facilities of a functional area without disassembly of the other housing parts can be made.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one device for media supply, such as a blower or compressor, a valve and / or a hydrocarbon pump are arranged outside the housing and / or the insulation.
    Some of the media supply facilities are sensitive to high temperatures. This is because the devices are, for example, partially equipped with ball bearings or also have controls that are not readily temperature resistant. An arrangement outside the insulation can therefore exclude individual devices in a functional unit from the temperature prevailing in the functional unit.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the housing at least partially forms the supporting structure. 9/33 9
    The housing forms the supporting structure, so tanirauf'einen'Rahmen be omitted. Under certain circumstances, it is also possible to combine a frame with a housing as a supporting structure, wherein the housing then at least partially forms the supporting structure.
    Further advantages, features and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the figures.
    FIG. 1 shows a partially schematic process diagram of an embodiment of the power generation unit according to the invention.
    FIG. 2 shows a partially schematic cross-section of an embodiment of the power generation unit according to the invention.
    Figure 3 shows a partially schematic perspective top view of an embodiment of the power generation unit according to the invention with partially removed housing and partially removed and / or shown in cross-section insulation.
    FIG. 4 shows a further partially schematic perspective top view of an embodiment of the power generation unit according to the invention with a housing partially removed and insulation partially removed and / or shown in cross section.
    FIG. 5 shows a further partially schematic perspective external view of an embodiment of the closed-housing power generation unit according to the invention.
    The functional principle of the power generation unit according to the invention is explained as follows with reference to the process diagram of FIG. 1. Hydrocarbons, preferably diesel, are pumped into the power generation unit via the hydrocarbon connection 4, preferably via the hydrocarbon pumps 21a and 21b. In the starting phase, this pumping operation is preferably carried out via the hydrocarbon pump 21b, whereby the starting burner 24 is supplied with hydrocarbon. Furthermore, with the 10/33 10
    Air blower 17 via the air connection 3, the power supply unit 1 preferably supplied with air, which is preferably filtered.
    A preferably present valve 19 for the air supply of the starting burner 24 is thereby opened during the starting phase, whereas a preferably existing valve 34 is closed to supply the reformer 28 with air in the starting phase. The air and hydrocarbons are preferably heated in the starting burner 24 and ignited. As a result, the starting burner 24 heats the combustion chamber 32 of the afterburner 27, which is preferably arranged around the reformer 28, and the reformer 28.
    The exhaust gas of the starting burner 24, which flows from the combustion chamber 32 of the afterburner 27, is preferably passed through a heat exchanger 30 to the exhaust port 31, which is preferably an exhaust. Then the preferably present cathode-air valve 33, which is preferably a throttle valve, if this is not already open, opened so that air can flow to the cathode K of the fuel cell 2 and is heated in the heat exchanger 30.
    Now also the preferably present reformer air valve 34 is opened and air is conveyed with the recirculation fan 18 in the reformer 28, where it is heated by the exhaust gas of the starting burner 24 and then through the preferably present third fixing plate or adapter plate 14 to the anode A of the fuel cell 2 is headed.
    Furthermore, anode exhaust gas flows via the preferably present and now open recirculation valve 20 into the evaporator 25. At this time, hydrocarbons are also pumped via the hydrocarbon pump 21 a to the evaporator, which evaporate through the heated anode exhaust gas in the evaporator 25. This gas mixture is preferably mixed with air in the recirculation fan 18 to reactant gas, the reformer process gas, and introduced via a pipe through the combustion chamber 32 in the reformer 28. The reformer is now preferably heated by the starting burner 24 so far that a reforming of the reformer process gas to hydrogen and by-products takes place. 11/33 11
    This reformate is in turn passed to the anode of the fuel cell 2 via the third adapter plate * b * zwf * adapter plate 14, where now the conversion of essentially hydrogen and oxygen to water and electrical energy takes place. The electrical energy is preferably dissipated via the electrical connection 5 to a consumer. During the implementation, heat energy is released.
    In the third fixing plate or adapter plate 14, all gas temperatures are equal to a uniform level when flowing through.
    The heated cathode exhaust air is passed into the combustion chamber 32 of the afterburner 27. A portion of the heated anode exhaust gas is preferably returned to the evaporator 25. Another part of the anode exhaust gas is passed through the preferably existing, now open burner anode exhaust valve 35 into the combustion chamber 32 of the afterburner 27.
    In the combustion chamber 32 of the annular afterburner 27, this anode exhaust gas is mixed with the cathode exhaust air and preferably reacted by means of a catalyst in an exothermic reaction. On the one hand, the heat energy released here serves to heat or insulate the reformer 28 and, on the other hand, improves the heat distribution in the reformer 28. The starting burner 24 can preferably now be switched off. Heat losses and the energy to activate the autothermal reaction in the reformer 28 or a preferably present reformer catalyst are balanced by the heat of the exothermic reaction in the fuel cell 2 and the exothermic reaction in the afterburner 27, so that the overall system is substantially adiabatic.
    Optionally, a bypass line (not shown) may be preferably provided from the starting burner 24 directly into the heat exchanger 30. As a result, more thermal power can be provided regardless of the required electrical power. This is particularly advantageous in those applications in which the fuel cell 2 is exposed to extremely cold temperatures and / or much heat is required by the vehicle for heating or cooling of the interior. 12/33
    The directions of energy generation unit 1 shown on the process picture in FIG. 1 can essentially be subdivided into three functional units:
    A first functional unit 7 for media supply preferably has the air blower 17, the recirculation blower 18, the starting burner air valve 19, the preferably present recirculation valve 20, the hydrocarbon pumps 21a and 21b, the heat exchanger 30, the cathode air valve 33 and / or the reformer air valve 34.
    Preferably, the starting burner 24 is also at least partially arranged in the first functional unit 7 and / or a common component of the first and second functional units 7, 8.
    As is clear from the process picture, the power generation unit 1 by the first functional unit 7 substantially with the media air and hydrocarbon, which are the starting materials for the
    Energy generation process are supplied. Preferably, these are processed in the first functional unit 7 and then provided to the devices of the second functional unit 8 and / or the third functional unit 9.
    A second functional unit 8 preferably has the afterburner 27 with the combustion chamber 32, the reformer 28, the evaporator 25, an exhaust chamber 26 (not shown in FIG. 1) and / or the afterburner anode exhaust valve 35.
    In the second functional unit 8, therefore, essentially the means for converting the hydrocarbons into process gas for the fuel cell 2 are contracted.
    Preferably, the starting burner 24 is at least partially part of the second functional unit 8 and / or a common component of the first and second functional units 7, eighth
    The reformate is introduced from the reformer 28 in a third functional unit 9, which has the fuel cell 2 as an essential device. Preferably, a plurality of fuel cells 2, for example, in a 13, 13 13 13
    Stack or stack in the functional unit 9 vortrantten * 3eirr, * c) chsT wefter preferably also several stacks.
    The devices of the functional units 7, 8 and 9 are preferably arranged in the respective functional units 7, 8 and 9 in such a way that the process temperature substantially increases from the first functional unit 7 via the third functional unit 9 to the second functional unit 8.
    In the first functional unit 7, temperatures from ambient to 450 ° C., preferably from ambient to 300 ° C., more preferably from ambient to 200 ° C., more preferably from ambient to 100 ° C., and most preferably from ambient to 60 ° C., prevail Preferably, in the second functional unit 8, temperatures are preferably substantially from 200 ° C to 1000 ° C, preferably from 300 ° C to 800 ° C, more preferably from 400 ° C to 700 ° C, more preferably 450 ° C to 650 ° C. and most preferably of 550 ° C before and / or in the third functional unit 9 preferably prevail temperatures of 550 ° C to 850 ° C, preferably from 600 ° C to 800 ° C, more preferably from 650 ° C to 750 ° C and most preferably 700 ° C. These temperatures are achieved in particular in the retracted operating state of the power generation unit 1.
    As shown in the process picture, the three functional units 7, 8, 9 are preferably substantially spatially separated. Preferably, these are also, as shown in the process picture of Figure 1, arranged one behind the other. In particular, the three functional units 7, 8 and 9 are arranged one behind the other with respect to the flow direction of the conveyed through the air blower 17 into the system air. This has the advantage that the air is successively warmed up on its way through the three functional units 7, 8, 9 to the fuel cell 2 in order to bring and / or maintain the fuel cell at operating temperature.
    Fig. 2 shows the structure of an embodiment of a power generation unit according to the invention by a plane containing the longitudinal axis L. As already indicated in FIG. 1, the power generation unit 1 is divided into three functional units 7, 8, 9. The first functional unit 7 has in the first instance devices which are used to supply media and / or to interrupt the supply of media or to regulate the media supply of the 14/33 14: 33 ::: :: :: :: ::.: Β · · · · For example, there are blowers, various valves and hydrocarbon pumps.
    Furthermore, preferably arranged in the first functional unit 7 means for processing the media for the power generation unit 1.
    Preferably, therefore, a heat exchanger 30 is present, which heats the sucked air before it is the cathode K of the fuel cell 2 is supplied. Also, a compression and mixing of different media may preferably be carried out in the first functional unit 7.
    Further preferably, the starting burner 24 is at least partially disposed in the first functional unit 7, as shown in the embodiment of Figure 2. The starting burner 24 serves, in particular, to supply heat to the power generation unit 1 in the starting phase. The elements for generating the flame are in this case preferably arranged in the first functional unit 7, for. As glow plugs and evaporation devices for hydrocarbons, the starting burner tube 37 then preferably projects into the combustion chamber 32 of the afterburner 27, which is part of the second functional unit 8 in. However, it is also possible to arrange the starting burner 24 completely in the second functional unit 8. It is also possible to arrange the heat exchanger 30 completely in the second functional unit 8.
    The second functional unit 8 essentially has the devices for reforming or converting the hydrocarbons into reformate or process gas for the fuel cell 2. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the reformer is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 32 of the afterburner 27. The afterburner 27 is again preferably arranged in an exhaust gas chamber 26, in which the exhaust gas of the afterburner 27 and / or the exhaust gas of the starting burner 24 is conducted to the heat exchanger 30. Furthermore, the evaporator 25 is preferably arranged in the exhaust chamber 26, which evaporates hydrocarbons in the recirculated from the fuel cell 2 anode exhaust gas before it is introduced into the reformer 28. The starting burner 24 and / or the afterburner 27 serve to heat the reformer 28. The exhaust chamber 26 in turn heats the outer wall of the afterburner 27 or additionally isolates the afterburner from the insulation 16 and at the same time provides heat energy for the evaporation of the hydrocarbons in 15/33 15th The evaporator 25 is ready for use. The reformate or the air for the cathode K of the fuel cell 2 is finally transferred into the third functional unit 9 via the third fixing plate 14 or adapter plate, which preferably consists of a top plate 14a and a bottom plate 14b directed to the respective connections. The cathode exhaust air and the anode exhaust gas from the fuel cell 2 are preferably connected via the third fixing plate 14 and adapter plate to the respective terminals of the second functional unit 8. The reformer 28 preferably has a reforming catalyst 37 and the afterburner 27 has an afterburner catalyst 38.
    Compared with the first functional unit 7, the second functional unit 8 has means which require a higher operating temperature to fulfill their respective function than those of the first functional unit 7. Preferably, therefore, the temperature in the entire second functional unit 8 is maintained at a higher level than that in FIG Preferably, the entire volume of the second functional unit 8 is filled by an exhaust chamber 26 surrounding the afterburner 27.
    The third functional unit 9 has two fuel cell stacks 2 in the illustrated embodiment. The fixation of these two fuel cell stacks 2 and / or the distribution of the process gas and the other media or removal of the cathode exhaust air and the anode exhaust gas is preferably carried out via a distributor plate 36, which is connected to the third fixing plate or adapter plate 14.
    Preferably, however, a fuel cell 2 with a stack or a fuel cell with more than two stacks can also be used. The fuel cell 2 is preferably an SOFC fuel cell, however, other types of fuel cells may be used, such as. An alkaline fuel cell, a polymer electrolyte fuel, a direct methanol fuel cell, a formic acid fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, a direct carbon fuel cell, and / or a magnesium air fuel cell or a combination of the same.
    The power generation unit 1 is preferably surrounded by an insulation 16, which is not shown in FIG. 16/33 16
    FIG. 3 shows a partially schematic perspective illustration * of the power generation unit 1 in a further embodiment. In essence, this embodiment differs from that of Figure 1 in that the fuel cell 2 has only one stack. The individual embodiments of this and the previous embodiment can be easily combined.
    It can be seen in FIG. 3 that the functional units are preferably essentially separated by the planes which comprise the second frame plate 11 for the separation between the first functional unit 7 and the second functional unit 8 and the third frame plate 12 for the separation between the second functional unit 8 and the third functional unit 9 define.
    As is further apparent from FIG. 3, the energy-generating unit 1 is preferably surrounded by an insulation 16. The insulation prevents outflow of heat energy, which is released in various sub-processes in the power generation unit 1, in the environment. Preferably, the insulation 16 insulation plates, which can be adapted for example by milling to the shape of the respective functional unit 7, 8, 9. Further preferably, the insulation 16 can be realized with a foam. The space between the housing and the facilities of the power generation unit 1 is foamed in this case. The use of this foam for insulation of the power generation unit according to the invention is expressly provided.
    In this case, the insulation 16 is preferably divided into three regions 16a, 16b, 16c, each of which isolates a functional region 7, 8, 9. As a result, the isolation regions 16a, 16b, 16c can be removed individually in order to access the device of the respective functional unit 7, 8, 9, without having to disassemble other functional units 7, 8, 9.
    Preferably, the power generation unit 1 is at least partially surrounded by a housing 15. This housing 15 is again preferably made of housing parts 15a, 15b, 15c, which each cover the functional unit 7, 8, 9 individually. Preferably, the housing 15 consists of several shells or layers, which consist in particular of a metal and / or plastic. The housing thus protects the power generator 1 before 17/33 17: :: :: :: :: :: .. • ♦ · · · · ··· ··· ······· · ♦ ·
    Ingress of impurities and / or harmful substances from the outside.
    Facilities which need not or should not be isolated from the environment or in which a heat energy exchange with the environment is even intended, are preferably arranged outside the housing 15 or the insulation 16. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3, these are, for example, the hydrocarbon pumps 21a, 21b and the valves 19, 20, 34 and the throttle / valve 33.
    The power generation unit 1 preferably has a supporting structure on which the devices of the functional units 7, 8, 9 are arranged. The supporting structure may in this case preferably be formed by a frame 6 or also the housing 15 may be formed as a self-supporting housing 15. Preferably, the supporting structure 6, 15 consists of both frame parts and housing parts.
    The frame 6 as well as the housing 15 may in this case consist of metal, plastic or fiber composite materials. Preferably, the frame and the housing 15 are bolted together, but any other known type of connection is also possible.
    In order to connect the supporting structure 6, 15 with the individual devices of the functional units 7, 8, 9, the energy generating unit 1 preferably has further elements: Thus, the frame 6 can be formed by a first frame plate 10, a second frame plate 11 and / or a third Frame plate 12 are reinforced. Furthermore, a first fixing plate 23, a second fixing plate 13 and a third fixing plate 14 may be provided, which are preferably connected via fastening tabs 38 respectively to the first frame plate 10, the second frame plate 11 and / or the third frame plate 12 to the fixing plates in a defined position. Further preferably, the fastening tabs 38 are made of a flexible material, so that thermal expansions of the overall structure can be compensated. Furthermore, the fastening tabs 38 may have a vibration-damping function. 18/33 18 • · ♦ · · · ··· ··· ·
    On the fixing plates 13, 14, 23 and / or on'den'RattlYiefißlaCferTIO, 11, 12 then preferably substantially all devices of the power generation unit 1 are attached.
    FIG. 4 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in a partially schematic perspective view, wherein the energy generating unit 1 is rotated 180 ° about the longitudinal axis L in relation to FIG.
    The further view shows the air blower 17 and the recirculation blower 18, which are preferably also arranged outside the housing 15 and the insulation 16. Furthermore, now the first frame plate 10 is visible to which some of the devices of the first functional unit 7 are preferably attached. In this embodiment, the frame 6 preferably has additional frame elements 6, which form a plane on the outside of the housing 15, so that the power generation unit 1 can be mounted, for example, on a vehicle. For mounting may be arranged on these frame parts preferably damping means which dampen vibrations of the vehicle to the power generation unit 1 out. Also visible are the heat exchanger 30 and parts of the fixing plate 13.
    FIG. 5 shows the power generation unit 1 with the housing 15 completely closed, wherein all the housing parts 15a, 15b, 15c are attached to the power generation unit 1. Again, the view is partially schematic and perspective, and the power generating unit 1 is once again aligned as in FIG. The housing parts 15a, 15b, 15c are preferably screwed, in particular with the frame 6. 19/33 19
    List of accessories: Energy generating unit 1 Fuel cell 2 Air connection 3 Hydrocarbon connection 4 Electrical connection 5 Supporting structure 6 First functional unit 7 Second functional unit 8 Third functional unit 9 First frame plate 10 Second frame plate 11 Third frame plate 12 Second fixation plate 13 Third fixation plate 14 Upper plate 14a Lower plate 14b Housing 15 Housing parts 15a, 15b , 15c insulation 16 isolation area 16a, 16b, 16c air blower 17 recirculation blower 18 starting burner air valve 19 recirculation valve 20 hydrocarbon pump 21a, 21b mounting tab 22 first fixing plate 23 starting burner 24 20/33 20 evaporator 25 exhaust chamber 26 afterburner 27 reformer 28 exhaust chamber 29 heat exchanger 30 exhaust port 31 combustion chamber 32 cathode air valve 33 Reformer air valve 34 Afterburner anode exhaust gas manifold Distributor plate 36 Start burner tube 37 Fastening tabs 38 21/33
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. A power generation unit (1), in particular for use in a vehicle which is operable with hydrocarbons, such as diesel and the like, with a fuel cell (2) and with connections (3, 4, 5) for the supply of air and the hydrocarbons and for the discharge of electrical energy, characterized in that the power generation unit comprises three substantially spatially separate functional units (7, 8, 9) wherein a first functional unit (7) is designed for media supply and essentially comprises means for fuel and air supply, wherein a second functional unit (8) is designed for reforming and substantially comprises means for converting the hydrocarbons into process gas and wherein a third functional unit (9) is designed to generate electrical energy and substantially the fuel cell (2), un d that the third functional unit (9) the process gas generated in the second functional unit (8) is supplied.
    [2]
    Second energy generating unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the three functional units (7, 8, 9) substantially in succession, in particular with respect to the flow direction of sucked air through the three functional units (7, 8, 9), and / or substantially along a common longitudinal axis (L) are arranged.
    [3]
    3. Power generation unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the process temperatures of the devices of the power generation unit (1) substantially from the first functional unit (7) via the third functional unit (9) to the second functional unit (8) increases.
    [4]
    4. Power generation unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein substantially all means of the power generation unit (1) on a common supporting structure (6, 15) are arranged.
    [5]
    5. power generation unit (1) according to claim 4, wherein the supporting structure (6) in the region of the first functional unit (7) on the second functional unit (8) facing away from a first frame plate (10), between the first functional unit (7) and of the second functional unit (8) 22/33 22 ········································ t · a second frame plate (11) and / or zv & fsdten ffl / eii £ n * (8) and the third functional unit (9) comprises a third frame plate (12), which in particular consist of metal and are connected by the supporting structure (6, 15).
    [6]
    6. power generation unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein on the first functional unit (7) on the second functional unit (8) facing away from a first fixing plate, between the first (7) and the second functional unit (8) a second fixing plate (13), in particular for fixing devices of the first (7) and / or the second functional unit (8), and / or between the second (8) and the third functional unit (9) further a third fixing plate (14) is arranged ,
    [7]
    7. power generation unit (1) according to claim 6, wherein the third fixing plate (14) as an adapter plate, consisting of upper (14 a) and lower plate (14 b) is formed, and the means of the second functional unit (8) thermally and / or fluid-communicating with the fuel cell (2) connects.
    [8]
    8. power generation unit (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the first fixing plate, the second fixing plate (13) and / or the third fixing plate (14) with at least one flexible fastening tab (23) connected to the supporting structure (6, 15) are.
    [9]
    9. power generation unit (1) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the fuel cell (2) and / or at least a part of the adapter plate (14), in particular the lower plate (14b), are removable, so that wearing parts of the second functional unit (8), in particular a reforming catalyst, are easily interchangeable.
    [10]
    10. Energy generation unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims with an insulation (16) through which the power generation unit (1) is substantially adiabatic and which in particular three isolation areas (16a, 16b, 16c) corresponding to the functional units (7, 8, 9 ) having. 23/33 23 • · · · · · · ···················································

    with a housing (15), which in particular consists of housing parts (15a, 15b, 15c), which in each case essentially cover one of the three functional units (7, 8, 9) and which are individually removable.
    [11]
    12. Power generation unit (1) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein at least one device for supplying media, such as a blower or compressor (17, 18), a valve (19, 20, 24) and / or a hydrocarbon pump (21, 22) , outside the housing (15) and / or the insulation (16) are arranged.
    [12]
    13. A power generation unit (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the housing (15) at least partially forms the supporting structure.
    [13]
    14, power generation unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the supporting structure (6, 15) substantially by a frame, in particular of metal, is formed.
    [14]
    15. Vehicle with a power generation unit according to one of claims 1

    to 14. 2013 02 04 Λ-1150 -ce; j 24/33
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